Urinary Tract Infections

A Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) occurs when bacteria, most commonly E. coli, enter the urinary tract through the urethra and begin to multiply in the bladder. The urinary system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra — any part of this system can be infected, but most UTIs involve the bladder and urethra:

Poor hygiene practices (e.g., wiping from back to front)

Sexual activity, which can introduce bacteria into the urethra.

Holding urine for too long, which allows bacteria to grow.

Dehydration, which reduces urination and bacteria flushing.

Use of catheters or conditions like diabetes, which weaken the immune response.

Women are more prone to UTIs because they have a shorter urethra, allowing bacteria quicker access to the bladder.

What Treatment Is Possible for UTI?

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are commonly treated with a course of antibiotics prescribed by a healthcare professional. The type and duration of the antibiotic depend on the severity of the infection and the part of the urinary tract affected.

Most uncomplicated UTIs can be effectively treated with medications such as nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or amoxicillin, and symptoms typically begin to improve within a few days. However, it’s important to complete the full course of antibiotics to prevent recurrence. Along with antibiotics, patients are encouraged to drink plenty of fluids, especially water, to help flush bacteria from the urinary system.

Pain relievers like paracetamol or urinary tract analgesics may be recommended to ease discomfort, such as burning during urination. For people with recurrent UTIs or those caused by underlying issues, doctors may suggest preventive strategies such as lifestyle changes, hygiene improvements, or a long-term low-dose antibiotic. In severe or complicated cases—such as infections that spread to the kidneys (pyelonephritis)—hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics may be necessary. Early diagnosis and proper treatment are essential to avoid complications and promote a quick recovery.